There are three main migration challenges for Europe:

Flow. Migratory pressure is on the increase as the populations of poorer countries in the greater neighbourhood of the European Union become more mobile.

Stock. EU member states with a significant stock of immigrants are confronted with a major integration challenge as the aspirations of many second-generation migrants are frustrated by poor education and poor labour market performance. If integration policies fail, large ethnic underclasses may become a permanent feature in the EU

Talent. Global competition for high-skilled workers has intensified owing to skillbiased technological change and globalisation, and the EU struggles to attract and retain top talent.

President Bill Clinton ended the historic U.S. tilt toward Pakistan in its protracted conflict with India over Jammu and Kashmir. President George W. Bush has sought to resolve the long-standing U.S. dispute with India on nonproliferation with a civil nuclear initiative that integrates India into the global order on terms favorable to New Delhi. Such a partnership is important for both countries, the South Asian region, policy toward Iran, and the management of China's rise.

by C. Raja Mohan, The Washington Quarterly

Attachments:

Read the full article

In every country, and at all times, we like to rely on certainty. But in a world of asymmetric threats and global challenges, our governments and peoples are uncertain about what the threats are and how they should face the complicated world before them. After explaining the complexity of the threats, the authors assess current capabilities and analyse the deficiencies in existing institutions, concluding that no nation and no institution is capable of dealing with current and future problems on its own. The only way to deal with these threats and challenges is through an integrated and allied strategic approach, which includes both non-military and military capabilities. Based on this, the authors propose a new grand strategy, which could be adopted by both organisations and nations, and then look for the options of how to implement such a strategy. They then conclude, given the challenges the world faces, that this is not the time to start from scratch. Thus, existing institutions, rather than new ones, are our best hope for dealing with current threats.